17. Inside the war, the us government marketed old-fashioned hairstyles and you may developments for all the victims; for girls, quick, bowl-molded haircuts and you may loose, high-waisted monpe pants (commonly worn in the country) was indeed recommended since the body language out of austerity, modesty and domestic top assistance into the full war energy. To own an explanation and studies regarding wartime shojo depictions inside the shojo zasshi, discover Imada Erika, 2007, pp. 57–83. To own meanings of wartime trend and you can hair styles for adult people, discover Wakakuwa, 2000 Wakakuwa, Midori . 2000 . Senso ga tsukuru joseizo: Dai niji sekai taisenka zero Nihon josei doin no shikakuteki puropaganda, Tokyo : Chikuma gakugei bunko . [Yahoo Beginner] and you will Atkins, 2005 Atkins, Jacqueline . 2005 . “ Luxury is the opponent: Trend and you will fabric in wartime The japanese, during the Jacqueline Atkins ”. In Dressed in propaganda: Textiles on family front side during the The japanese, Great britain, together with You, 1931–1945, 157 – 169 . The fresh new Retreat and London : Yale School Press . [Google College student] .
18. Tanabe, ‘Shojo shosetsu ni muchu datta koro‘, off Bara zero kobeya yori, reprinted during the Honda, 1991 Honda, Masuko . 1991 . “ Senjika no shojo zasshi, into the Otsuka Eiji ”. Within the Shojo zasshi ron, Tokyo : Tokyo shoseki . [Bing Pupil] , pp. 36–37.
19. Facts away from More youthful Lawn, brand new interpreted Japanese name out-of Louisa Can get Alcott’s Absolutely nothing Girls. The latest title Wakakusa Monogatari are observed if the flick was found into the Japan within the 1934; prior to typed translations and you may adaptations off Alcott’s antique were given various other headings.
20. Other designs regarding shojo activity, particularly this new Takarazuka Revue, will also have provided an unit for the right guy having the type of the new danso zero reijin[gorgeous girl in the male outfits], new otokoyaku. Takarazuka not just developed a devoted shojo fan base through the wartime and postwar age, but are searched continuously in shojo zasshi, particularly Shojo zero tomo. Having a reason and historical/anthropological data of the Takarazuka Revue, select Robertson, 1998 Robertson, Jennifer . 1998 . [Crossref] , [Yahoo Student] .
21. Dating back the newest 1910s, coaches and moral advocates regarded motion picture theatres just like the reproduction cause of the fresh furyo, or because the furyo’s google search reasons behind its jogakusei sufferers. Certain girls‘ schools set strict requirements with the college students exactly who desired to sit in movie theatres, or banned attendance downright. Pick Inagaki, 2007 Inagaki, Kyoko . 2007 . Jogakko in order to jogakusei: kyoyo, tashinami, modan bunka, Tokyo : Chuo koron shinsha . [Bing Student] , pp. 142–49.
Note: as the postcard respondent (and/or publisher) put a separate spelling (Wakagusa in the place of Wakakusa), the product quality spelling and you can pronunciation try Wakakusa
twenty two. The new personal overtones off revealing an umbrella provides prewar and very early wartime precedents. Select Kawabata Yasunari’s short story, ‘Amagasa‘ (Umbrella) off 1932, that contains a good romantically billed world of one or two children revealing an enthusiastic umbrella. My through Jan Bardsley for pointing out so it partnership.
23. Pick ‘Civilizing “Degenerate” Students‘, inside the Ambaras, 2006 Ambaras, David . 2006 . Bad childhood: Teenager delinquency as well as the politics out of everyday life from inside the progressive Japan, Berkeley and you will Los angeles : University out of California Force . [Bing Scholar] , pp. 66–96.
24. The new fee changes means data out of 1946–50 as opposed to 1936–forty (Lunden, 1953 Lunden, Walter An excellent. free farmers chat and dating Italy 1953 . Teenager delinquency inside Japan. Pre-war, conflict, and you will blog post-combat age . Brand new Diary away from Unlawful Legislation, Criminology, and you may Police Technology, 44(4): 428 – 432 . November-December [Crossref] , [Bing College student] , p. 430).
Really the only exception to this rule towards sex-segregated system of blog post-primary education in the Meiji months into the wartime period is actually the fresh new coeducational Tokyo Tunes School [Tokyo ongaku gakko]
eight. We analyse these types of depictions in more detail on wartime section in my personal dissertation into shojo zasshi:‘Most of the Women’s a period: Representations out of Womanliness and you can Puberty inside Japanese Girls‘ Magazines, 1930s-1960s‘ (PhD Dissertation, Stanford College or university, 2008).
16. See Inagaki, 2007 Inagaki, Kyoko . 2007 . Jogakko in order to jogakusei: kyoyo, tashinami, modan bunka, Tokyo : Chuo koron shinsha . [Bing Beginner] , p. 207.